Caveat Lector/Reader Beware: These are my lecture notes written as topic outline wirh quotations for STS 2nd Sem 2013 for class THY and THX. It is not the complete lecture, but it does give you an idea of what has been said or done. And it does not replace the lecture.
TOPICS
I, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
II. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN DAILY LIFE
III. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE ARTS, LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
IV, SCIENCE, SCIENCE POLICY AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
I, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
The Fertile Crescent
Shift to Agriculture and setting up of cities between the Tigris and Euphrates
Setting of laws - Code of Hammurabi
Schools - Religion and Mathematics
Science as practical approach to business and agriculture
Priest Scientists
Trade, Commerce and Mathematics
The Wheel
The Plough and Seed Planter
Medical Instruments
Astronomy
Sun Dial
The Persian Empire
Use of geology and hydrology to access water and unite tribes
Military Success and Expansion
Cyrus the Great
War with the Greek States - Battle of Salamis
Invasion by Alexander the Great
The Greeks and Hellenism
Attitudes of Greek towards Science and Technology: No Difference between Science and Philosophy - "The gods did not reveal everything to men at the beginning, but men as they seek in time something better" - Xenophanes
Victory at Salamis
Engineering and Use of Mathematics to develop water systems
Plato and Aristotle
Rise of Macedonia and Alexander the Great
Hellenism and the Spread of Greek Culture
Concept Science as an Art
Death of Alexander, the Partition of his Empire; and Ptolemy as Pharaoh of Egypt
Ptolemy I and Egypt: The Great Lighthouse of Alexandria and the Great Library of Akexandria
Hero of Alexandria and the Steam Engine
Archimedes: Archimedes Principle; Archimedes Screw; the Claw and the Death
The Americas: Aztecs, Incas and the Mayas
The City States
Use of mathematics and engineering to build Tenochtichlan in a swamp land; advance water and sewage systems and pyramids.
Astronomy
Advance Mathematics the Concept of Zero
Use of the Gokden Mean
Collapse of the Maya City Statws
Destruction of Aztec, Inca and Maya Culture
China
Science and Industrialization in China
Filial Piety and the Mandate of Heaven
Chin Shi Huang or Shi Huang Di : Uniting China; The Great Wall of China; Persecution of Scholars and Book Burning
Zhang Heng and the Bronze Seismograph
Song Dynasty
Paper
Compass
Industrialization/ The terra-cotta Warriors and the Tomb of the First Emperor; and Ancient Machines of China
GunPowder
Su Song and the Celestial Engine
Scientists as Court Officials
The Golden Age of Islam
Expansion of Islam
Caliphate: Policy of Assimilate, Tolerance and Poll Tax
Policy of Arabic as State Language
The Abbasids
Rule of Haroun Al-Rashid and Al Mamun
Trade with China: Paper
Bayt al-Hikma - House of Wisdom and the Dar al-Hikmah or House of Knowledge
Bayt al-Hisma - As Library; Translation; and Research Center
Scientists and Scholars of the Islamic Golden Age:
l-Jazari. - Engineer & Mathematician - Elephant Clock
Moroccan Princess Fatima al-Fihri - Modern University
Egyptian physicist Alhazen - Study of optics and he invented the camera obscura
Andalusian physician al-Zahrawi - use of catgut sutures and developed sophisticated surgical instruments, including scalpels, syringes, forceps and surgical needles.
Scientists and Scholars did not specialize in one subject alone and although the Bayt Al- Hikma started out with studying Mathemathics it was involved in different studies:
Ishaq ibn Hunayn and Thabit ibn Qurrah - prepared a critical edition of Euclid's Elements
Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwaraznli is believed to have been one of the first to explore the use of Arabic numerals and wrote the first book on Algebra - Kitab al-Jabr wa-l-Muqabalah
Sons of Musa Ibn Shakir also known as Banu Musa or the Sons of Musa : Muhammad, Ahmad, and al-Hasan:
- The Measurement of the Sphere, Trisection of the Angle, and Determination of Two Mean Proportionals to Form a Single Division between Two Given Quantities.
- celestial mechanics and the atom,
- canal construction
- recruited one of the greatest of the ninth-century scholars, Thabit ibn Qurrah.
Thanit ibn Qurrah
He was fluent i. Syriac, Greek, and Arabic
Translated Greek Scientific writing anf produced seventy original works - mathematics, astronomy, astrology, ethics, mechanics, music, medicine, physics, philosophy, and the construction of scientific instruments.
Hunayn ibn Isha
Joanitius - who eventually translated the entire canon of Greek medical works into Arabic, including the Hippocratic oath.
Wrote around twenty-nine original medical treatises and essays on ophthalmology - the anatomy and physiology of the eye and the treatment of various diseases which afflict vision, and included anatomical drawings.
HAROUN AL RASCHID
by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
One day, Haroun Al Raschid read
A book wherein the poet said: --
Where are the kings, and where the rest
Of those who once the world possessed?
They're gone with all their pomp and show,
They're gone the way that thou shalt go.
O thou who choosest for thy share
The world, and what the world calls fair,
Take all that it can give or lend,
But know that death is at the end!
Haroun Al Raschid bowed his head:
Tears fell upon the page he read.
HAROUN AL RASCHID
by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
II. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN DAILY LIFE
Digital Life: internet and You:
The Pros and Cons of Being Online
Philippines: Internet Penetration Rate; Social Media Penetration Rate: Smart Phone, Tablet and Phone Penetration Rate
Precautions and Reminders
III. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE ARTS, LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
The Future:
Film- Catching Fire
The Scientist
Film - The Fly (1958)
IV, SCIENCE, SCIENCE POLICY AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
